Introduction of Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is located in the Central Asian region. It shares borders with the following: Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south, and the Caspian Sea to the west. Although Turkmenistan is the second largest country in Central Asia regarding land area, most of its land consists of oases scattered amid otherwise uninhabitable deserts.
After Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan has the least population among the Central Asian states. A large part of its arid land has not been favorable to the growth of plants and the lives of animals. From 1925 to 1991, Turkmenistan was part of the Soviet Socialist Republic. It declared independence on October 27, 1991, with Ashgabat as its capital.
IV set with scalp vein set/winged needle
Introduction
Parts, materials, and functions
The scalp vein set is also known as winged needle. Bendable appendages or “wings”: They secure and stabilize the needle at its puncture site and serve as structures for gripping. The wings consist of medical-grade PVC.
Hypodermic needle: The scalp vein set possesses a 22G needle which pricks and penetrates the patient’s vein. Ultimately, the hypodermic needle connects the patient to the IVF line.
The protective sheath of the needle: It covers the needle of the set when not in use to prevent the entry of bacteria and other debris.
Tube: The transparent and flexible extension tube that links the scalp vein catheter with the infusion set. Medical-grade PVC makes up the flexible tube.
Female Luer slip connector: It attaches the scalp vein set with the infusion line. This consists of medical PVC.
Spike: Device manufacturers use ABS for the spike, and it serves to penetrate the rubberized cover of the intravenous fluid (IVF) bottle, thus allowing the flow of intravenous fluid to the tube.
Air Vent: The air vent is a patency in the intravenous set which serves as the entrance of the air from the outside environment. The air enters the IVF bottle and applies pressure to the fluid, facilitating its flow.
Drip chamber: Device manufacturers provide polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for the drip chamber, and it serves as a venue to observe the drip of the IVF. Since it is transparent, the drip of the fluid can be counted, thus guiding medical workers to control the flow rate of the IVF.
Roller clamp: Polyethylene (PE) makes up the roller clamp, and the medical staff uses it to control the IVF flow rate. When the infusion set is not in use, medical personnel uses the roller clamp to stop the flow of the IVF completely.
Luer lock/slip connector: Medical manufacturers use PVC to produce a Luer lock/slip connector which houses the solution filter. The structure serves as a site where the scalp vein set attaches itself to the tube of the infusion set. The solution filter removes debris and other unnecessary materials admixed in the IVF. Medical manufacturers provide a 15-micron filter to carry out its function effectively.
Tube: The tube of the infusion set consists of PVC, which has a length of 150 cm. The flexible and transparent tube works as a flow route for IVF, coming from the bottle and into the patient.
Luer slip IV set with latex injection site
Introduction
The infusion line or IV set works as a conduit between the IVF bottle and the patient’s vein. In effect, it connects the source of intravenous fluid to the patient’s circulatory system. Since the IV set is mainly composed of a relatively long, transparent, and flexible tube, it is a passageway of the fluid to reach the patient. In some set-ups, medical staff connects the IV set with a Luer slip to attach and remove the needle catheter easily. In addition, medical device manufacturers add a latex injection site so that medications can be introduced in the IVF line at any time during the infusion.
Parts, materials, and functions
Protective cap: Polyethylene (PE) makes up the protective cap and covers the hypodermic needle when not in use, preventing the entry of bacteria and other debris.
Spike: Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) makes up the spike, and it serves to penetrate the rubberized cover of the intravenous fluid (IVF) bottle, thus allowing the flow of intravenous fluid to the tube.
Air Vent: The air vent is a patency in the intravenous set which serves as the entrance of the air from the outside environment. The air enters the IVF bottle and applies pressure to the fluid, facilitating its flow.
Drip chamber: PVC makes up the drip chamber and serves as a venue to observe the drip of the IVF. Since it is transparent, the drip of the fluid can be counted, thus guiding medical staff to control the flow rate of the IVF.
Solution filter: The solution filter screens out debris and other unnecessary materials admixed in the IVF. The structure is equipped with a 15-micron filter to carry out its function effectively.
Roller clamp: Polyethylene (PE) makes up the roller clamp, and the medical staff uses it to control the IVF flow rate. When the infusion set is not in use, medical personnel uses the roller clamp to stop the flow of the IVF completely.
Rubber bulb: Device manufacturers use latex to produce rubber bulbs. Medical doctors, nurses, and other staff use it as the injection site for medications the patient needs during the IVF infusion.
Luer slip connector: Medical manufacturers use ABS to produce a Luer slip connector. The structure serves as a site where the hypodermic needle attaches itself to the tube of the infusion set.
Hypodermic needle: The infusion set possesses a 21G needle which pricks and penetrates the patient’s vein. Ultimately, the hypodermic needle connects the patient to the IVF line.
Tube: The tube of the infusion set consists of PVC, which has a length of 150 cm. The flexible and transparent tube works as a conduit and passageway for the IVF, coming from the bottle and into the patient.
